调制BZ-CSTR反应体系小振荡诱导非平衡相变

以流量为扰动参数,对连续搅拌釜式反应器（ＣＳＴＲ）中的Ｂｅｌｏｕｓｏｖ－Ｚｈａｂｏｔｉｎｄｓｋｙ（ＢＺ）反应体系小振荡进行周期或噪声扰动,改变扰动周期或扰动强度,在某些条件下可以诱导非平衡相变。以ＢＺ反应的四变量Ｍｏｎｔａｎａｔｏｒ模型为基础,对相应流率区进行周期或噪声扰动,计算结果与实验基本定性一致。     

基于野外可见近红外光谱和水分影响校正算法的土壤剖面有机碳预测

土壤是陆地碳循环的中枢,充分发挥土壤固碳潜力有助于减缓全球气候变化。土壤有机碳 (SOC) 的高度分异性同时体现在空间和垂直分布上,但是许多前期研究往往只考虑了空间分异,而忽略了垂直分异。尤其在青藏高原这种高寒山区,土壤样品采集难度较大且费用昂贵。可见近红外 (Vis-NIR) 光谱作为传统土壤实验室化学分析的辅助手段,能够较为快速和精准地估测SOC含量。但是土壤水分等环境因素会掩盖或改变SOC的Vis-NIR光谱吸收特征进而削弱模型预测精度。外部参数正交化 (EPO) 和分段直接标准化 (PDS) 算法可以有效校正水分对光谱的影响,但其在野外新鲜土柱上的表现还不得而知。本研究旨在探索不同水分影响校正算法对野外剖面土壤光谱的校正能力,对采自中国青藏高原海拔2 900～4 500 m色季拉山的共26个1 m深土柱。沿深度以5 cm×5 cm为测量单元,从各单元中心采集共计386个野外原状湿样Vis-NIR光谱,并在实验室内测得相应386个研磨干样的Vis-NIR光谱以及SOC含量。经EPO和PDS算法校正土壤水分对光谱的影响后,通过随机森林建立土壤光谱和SOC含量的定量预测模型,并使用靴襻法评估不同校正处理下预测模型的不确定。土柱整体及垂直分布的精度结果表明,经PDS法转换的农田和草地土柱湿样光谱均表现出良好的水分校正效果,而EPO法仅对农田土柱有效。水分影响校正算法在不同土壤深度上也存在显著差异,EPO和PDS对农田和草地表层样本的水分校正均效果明显。两种校正方法的效果显示出地类和土层深度的依赖性。本研究为利用Vis-NIR光谱技术在高寒山区野外快速准确估算土壤碳含量的垂直分异提供了必要参考。     

提高单层GeSe对H2O气体传感性能的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理计算方法,通过在单层GeSe上施加双轴向应变、外加电场、掺Ag等途径来探索提高单层GeSe对H₂O分子传感性能的有效方法,并从微观角度阐明内在机理.计算结果表明,-1.0 V/?的外加电场能有效降低H₂O分子在单层GeSe的吸附能并使二者之间的电荷转移量增加11倍,显著提高了单层GeSe对H₂O分子的响应速度和敏感性.研究结果为进一步设计并制成二维GeSe基湿度传感器提供了理论依据.     

Short-Term Therapeutic Trial of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Suspected Extraesophageal Reflux

Pharyngoesophageal gastric acid reflux is thought to initiate chronic posterior laryngitis. The gold standard for measuring gastric reflux is dual-channel 24-hour pH monitoring. This is a time-consuming, inconvenient, expensive method that is not available in all areas. New therapeutic regimes that make use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have proven to be therapeutically efficient for control of acid reflux. Twenty-four consecutive patients with chronic voice disorders and signs of posterior laryngitis were selected for therapy. Twenty-four hour pH monitoring was performed independently before the therapy. The trial therapy consisted of all patients receiving pantoprazole, 40 mg once daily for 6 weeks. Immediately following the therapy a statistically significant (p < 0.05) improvement was observed in all patients. This improvement was analyzed retrospectively by comparison with the results of 24-hour pH monitoring. In 71% of the patients the 24-hour pH-monitoring gave a positive result showing a high number of patients with extraesophageal reflux in our study group. Patients with positive results of pH-monitoring responded in a statistically significant manner (p < 0.05) to the pantoprazole therapy, whereas those patients without detected reflux did not. A 3-month follow-up of the patients with a positive result of the pH-monitoring confirmed the improvement. No patients reported adverse effects. A 6-week treatment with pantoprazole can be clinically justified. It helps to save time and reduce costs, allows for selection of reflux-negative patients for alternative therapy, and may prevent inadequate treatment of patients with false-negative pH monitoring. Twenty-four hour pH monitoring is still recommended for patients unresponsive to this trial therapy.     

On the non-equivalence of two standard random walks

We focus on two models of nearest-neighbour random walks on d$d$-dimensional regular hyper-cubic lattices that are usually assumed to be identical—the discrete-time Polya walk, in which the walker steps at each integer moment of time, and the Montroll–Weiss continuous-time random walk in which the time intervals between successive steps are independent, exponentially and identically distributed random variables with mean 1$1$. We show that while for symmetric random walks both models indeed lead to identical behaviour in the long time limit, when there is an external bias they lead to markedly different behaviour.     

Performance of a Single-Family Heat Pump at Different Working Conditions Using Small Quantity of Propane as Refrigerant

The performance of a domestic heat pump that uses a low quantity of propane as refrigerant has been experimentally investigated. The heat pump consists of two minichannel aluminium heat exchangers, a scroll compressor, and an electronic expansion valve. It was charged with the minimum amount of refrigerant propane required for the stable operation of the heat pump without permitting refrigerant vapor into the expansion valve at incoming heat source fluid temperature to the evaporator of +10°C. The inlet temperature of the heat source fluid passing through the evaporator was varied from +10°C to ?10°C while holding the condensing temperature constant at 35°C, 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C, respectively. The minimum refrigerant charges required at above-tested condensing temperatures were found to decrease when the condensing temperature increased and were recorded as 230 g, 224 g, 215 g, and 205 g, respectively. The results confirm that a heat pump with 5 kW capacity can be designed with less than 200 g charge of refrigerant propane in the system. Due to the high solubility of propane in compressor lubrication oil, the amount of refrigerant which may escape rapidly in case of accident or leakage is less than 150 g.     

水蒸气超高温热泵系统的实验研究

近年来以低温室效应(GWP)的制冷剂的蒸汽压缩式高温热泵一直是余热回收领域的研究热点。为获得更高的输出温度,本课题组搭建了一台采用自然工质水作为循环冷媒的超高温热泵样机并进行了实验测试。实验结果表明蒸发温度为80℃,冷凝温度从115℃升至145℃时,热泵的COP从4.88降至1.89。在85℃蒸发,117℃冷凝时,最高COP为6.1,制热量为285 kW,同时在85℃蒸发时,该热泵的最高冷凝温度可达到150℃,此时COP为1.96。在相同的温升下,热泵的COP和卡诺效率都随着输出温度的升高而增加,因此我们认为该热泵更适合高温输出的应用场合。     

基于数值计算的斜流泵级性能改进

采用CFD数值模拟的方法对斜流泵级内部三维紊流流场进行计算,预测了其效率-流量、扬程-流量特性,并与实验结果进行了对比验证。根据得到的流场结果,通过斜流泵级水力尺寸改进-数值模拟分析的循环工作,在最终改进的斜流泵级预测流场中减少了泵内流场的漩涡运动,避免了出口回流的产生,削弱了叶顶间隙泄漏涡,提高了斜流泵级的效率,改进了能量特性,得到了斜流泵级改进前后流场与效率的对比。     

Effecfs of Cross-Correlation Between Real Noise in Transient Process of Single-Mode and Imaginary Parts of Colored Pump Laser

A two-dimensional single-mode laser model with cross-correlation between the real and imaginary parts of the colored quadric pump noise is investigated. A novel laser amplitude Langevin equation is obtained, in which the cross-correlation λp between the real and imaginary parts of the pump noise appears. The mean, variance, and skewness of first-passage-time are calculated. It is shown that the mean, variance, and skewness of first-passage-time are strongly affected by λp.     

Design and electro-optical characterization of Si-based resonant cavity light emitting devices at 850 nm

We report on the fabrication and characterization of Si/SiO₂ Fabry-Perot microcavities. These structures are used to enhance the external quantum efficiency along the cavity axis and the spectral purity of emission from silicon rich oxide films that are used as active media to fabricate a Si based RCLED (resonant cavity light emitting devices). A new structure to electrically pump the active media in the resonant cavity has been designed. These structures are fabricated by chemical vapour deposition on a silicon substrate. The microcavities are tuned at 850 nm and present a quality factor ranging from 17 to 150 depending on the number of pairs constituting the dielectric mirrors. An enhancement of the electro and photoluminescence (PL) signal of 20 times is achieved for the selected emission wavelength. These cavities are characterized by TEM analysis to evaluate film uniformity, thicknesses and the densification after annealing processes for temperature ranging from 800 to 1100 °C. The electrical properties of the active media are analyzed. The electroluminescence spectral features are compared with PL spectra correlated with the quality factor of the cavities. The photometric diagram shows also a high directionality of the emitted light within a 30° cone from the sample normal.